Sound at SEM/CORD 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59350/64xgw-rg530
THURSDAY PANELS
8:30 am -10:30 am
Sounding Religion in the Public Sphere
SEM: 1E Freedom Ballroom (Section F) Chair: Monique M Ingalls, Rutgers University
Monique M Ingalls, Rutgers University. Worship in the Streets: Performing Religion, Nation, and Ethnicity through Music in Toronto’s Jesus in the City Parade
Carolyn Landau, King’s College London. Pluralism, Tolerance and Engagement with the “Mainstream”: Navigating Ismaili-Muslim Identities in Public Musical Performances
David M Kammerer, Brigham Young University-Hawaii. Anything But a “Silent Night”: Tonga’s Royal Maopa Brass Band and the Tradition of Christmas Eve Serenading
Deborah Justice, Indiana University. When Sacred Space becomes Secular Space: How a Church’s Saturday Dinner Show for Charity Eases Sunday Morning Tensions
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Recovering and Composing Hybridity through Histories of Music and Violence
SEM: 1I Salon 5/6 Chair: Jessica A Schwartz, New York University
Jessica A Schwartz, New York University. Between Continuity and Disruption: Strategic Hybridity in the Musical Activism of Rongelapese Women
T. Christopher Aplin, independent scholar. Martial Cosmopolitans: Apache War and Song Beyond Borders during the “Loco Outbreak”
Kristy Riggs, Columbia University. Musical Fabulation and the Retelling of Violence in 1840s Algeria
Sarah McClimon, University of Hawaii at Manoa. War Memories Revisited: Hybrid Nationalism and Discourses of Cultural Purity in Japanese Military Song Festivals
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Dancing Matter(s): Embodied Practices in Music and Dance
SEM: 2A Freedom Ballroom (Section E), Live Video-Streaming Room Chair: Tomie Hahn, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Tomie Hahn, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Dancing with Sensible Objects
Sean Williams, Evergreen State College. Dancing with the Drum: Teaching and Learning Sundanese Jaipongan
Sally Ann Ness, University of California, Riverside. Dancing Instruments; Objectivity in Musical Performance
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Vocal Epistemologies: Bodies, Pedagogy, Practice
SEM: 2H Salon 3/4 Chair: Robert O Beahrs, University of California, Berkeley
Robert O Beahrs, University of California, Berkeley. Echoing through the Nine Skies: Embodied Knowledge Production in Tuvan Throat-Singing Pedagogy
Marti Newland, Columbia University. Cocolo Japanese Gospel Choir: Mediating Spiritual and Racial Difference through Vocal Adduction
Sumitra Ranganathan, University of California, Berkeley. Dwelling in my Throat: Sound and Experience in a North Indian Classical Dhrupad Tradition
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Local Philadelphia Communities
CORD: Independence Ballroom D
Laura Vriend. Sufjan Stevens and the Magic Snowflake: Sound and Spatiality in Headlong Dance Theater’s Explanatorium
Christine Dang. My Laudations Shorten for me the Journey to the Saints’: The Poetics of Exile in an Islamic Community of Philadelphia
Abimbola N. Cole. Welcome to the United Stated of Africa: Kwame Nkrumah’s Philadelphia Years, African Nationalism, and Hip-Hop Perspectives on Unity in the New Africa
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Sacred Journeys, Spaces, Sounds
CORD: Logans 1
Andrea Mantell Seidel. Sacred Sound: Tuning the Cosmic Strings of the Subtle Dancing Body
Emily Wright. Sacred Spaces: History and Practice in Christian Sacred Dance
Lizzie Leopold. Voyager, A Journey into Our Outer Spaces: A Choreographic and Scholarly Exploration
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1:45-3:45pm
Techno-Mediated Performance: Virtual, Visceral, Spectacular
SEM: 3E Freedom Ballroom (Section F) Chair: Kiri Miller, Brown University
Kiri Miller, Brown University. Virtual Transmission, Visceral Practice: Dance Central and the Cybershala
J. Meryl Krieger, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis. From Live Performance to Mashup: Mediated Performance in Popular Music
Judith Hamera, Texas A&M University. Dances with Zombies: Michael Jackson and Movement in the Age of Post-Industrial Reproduction
Sydney Hutchinson, Syracuse University. Downloading Dance: OK Go, YouTube, and the Future of Pop
Gendered Intimacies and Musical Negotiations of Space
SEM: 3F Freedom Ballroom (Section G) Chair: Ian R MacMillen, University of Pennsylvania
Anna Stirr, St. John’s College, University of Oxford. Sensuality, Exchange, and Violence in Nepali Nightclubs
Gavin Steingo, Columbia University. On the Sonic Politics of Spinning
Ian R MacMillen, University of Pennsylvania. Conscription into Intimacy: Young Men, Power, and the Gendered Inclusion of Croatian Tambura Musicians
Jane Sugarman, CUNY Graduate Center, Discussant
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Round Table – Sound and Sense in the Muslim World: The Politics of Listening
SEM: 3J Parlor A Chair: Deborah Kapchan, New York University
Jonathan Glasser, College of William and Mary
Rich Jankowsky, Tufts University
Galeet Dardashti, independent scholar
Deborah Kapchan, New York University
Michael Frishkopf, University of Alberta
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THURSDAY INDIVIDUAL PAPERS
Noel Lobley, University of Oxford, Pitt Rivers Museum. Recording, Remembering and Using the Sounds of Africa
2:15 SEM: 3H Salon 3/4
Gregory Weinstein, University of Chicago. An “Acoustically Perfect Hall”?: Engineering Space in Classical Recordings
3:15 SEM: 3H Salon 3/4
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Sound Studies has been celebrated, as Kara Keeling and Josh Kun recently pointed out in American Quarterly, as both the result of and inspiration for an increasing number of scholars, who “not only take the culture, consumption, and politics of sound seriously but are making it the centerpiece of their research, publishing, and pedagogy.” But what significance does Sound Studies hold for ethnomusicology, a discipline that for over half a century has focused directly on the social and political dimensions of what John Blacking famously called “humanly organized sound”? This question will be one of many circulating in Philadelphia this week at the 56th annual meeting of the Society for Ethnomusicology (SEM).
Despite the centrality of ethnographers of music, including Steven Feld and Veit Erlmann, to the emergence of this new interdisciplinary body of knowledge, many ethnomusicologists saw room for greater dialogue with other disciplines for whom the sonic was a relatively novel epistemological filter. To this end, in early 2009 a group of young SEM members formed the Sound Studies Special Interest Group (SSSIG) in order to foster cross-disciplinary discussions and highlight work within SEM that reimagined sound beyond “the music itself.” This year’s conference will mark the end of my tenure as co-chair of the Sound Studies SIG, and elections will be held for a replacement at our annual lunch meeting on Thursday, November 17th. If you are interested in joining the group and can attend the conference, please join us. If you can’t make it to Philadelphia, you can still join the group’s active discussion forum.
The past few years have witnessed an increasing number of presentations at SEM that fall under the umbrella of Sound Studies, a trend acknowledged in the theme of last fall’s meeting in Los Angeles, “Sound Ecologies.” This year is no different, and from a preliminary glance at the program, I have taken the liberty of highlighting a few acoustic currents running throughout the conference. A large number of panels this year are devoted to issues of embodiment, which can, for the most part, be attributed to the fact that SEM has paired up with the Congress on Research in Dance (CORD) for a joint conference. In the summary below I have noted which group is sponsoring each panel listed, although the conference requires only one registration and all panels are open to all participants and attendees.
The theme of this year’s joint conference is “Moving Music / Sounding Dance: Intersections, Disconnections, and Alignments between Dance and Music.” Many of this year’s panels focus on the relationship between sound and bodies, including embodied practices in music and dance and bodily communications of carnality, empathy and affect, and music and movement, for example. The voice is also prominent this year, in panels on its relationship to the body and music, dance performance in the Pacific Islands, pedagogy and practice, and female Iranian vocalists in exile. As in other years, the relationship between ethnomusicology and medicine is also represented, as are music’s connection to healing and the sporting body.
Technology, another area of interest for Sound Studies, will receive thorough attention this year. Panels on techno-mediated performance, sound and technology, online gamespaces and prosthetic technologies of queer expression, and material culture and labor.
Looking beyond sound toward intersensoriality, many panels discuss the relationship between the aural and other senses, in terms of music visualization, sound, sight and time, ethnographic film, and sensing movement and sound in dance.
- The Painted Bride Art Center
Two events that promise to be of special interest will focus on language, one a roundtable on keywords in music and motion, the other a panel on the lexicon of music, noise, sound, and silence.
A number of panels hearken back to early work on soundscapes, from discussions of field recordings and ethnography and gender and negotiating space, to the sounds of post-industrial society, protest and public spaces, and boomboxes and dance parties. My last official duty as SSSIG co-chair will be to lead a soundwalk through Philadelphia’s city center. This soundwalk is an event that the SSSIG would love to see annually as a way to connect meetings to their immediate environs.
All in all, this year’s joint conference promises to be an enjoyable one, with plenty of fascinating presentations and more good music than you can shake a tailfeather at. Even if you can’t attend, you can follow along virtually on twitter. Both #SEM2011 and #2011SEM seem to be in use.
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Bill Bahng Boyer is co-chair of the Society for Ethnomusicology Sound Studies Special Interest Group and a lecturer in music, writing and rhetoric at Dartmouth College. He is also a doctoral candidate in music at New York University, completing a dissertation on public listening in the New York City subway system.
Jump to FRIDAY, November 18
Jump to SATURDAY, November 19
Jump to SUNDAY, November 20
EVENTS
SEM Sound Studies Special Interest Group Meeting
12:30 pm – 1:30 pm Salon 5/6
SEM Audio Visual Committee
12:30 pm – 1:30 pmFreedom Ballroom (Section G)
SEM Student Open Meeting, Sponsored by the Student Concerns Committee
12:30 pm – 1:30 pm Independence Ballroom (Section A)
SEM SSSIG Philadelphia Soundwalk
Led by Bill Bahng Boyer, SSSIG co-chair
4:00 pm – 5:30 pm 4K Hotel Lobby
SEM/CORD Joint First-Time Attendees and New Members Reception
5:30 pm – 6:30 pm Horizons Rooftop Ballroom
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FRIDAY PANELS
8:30 pm -10:30 pm
Round Table— Keywords of Music and Motion
SEM: 5D Independence Ballroom (Section C) Chair: Christina Zanfagna, Santa Clara University
Christina Zanfagna, Santa Clara University
Jason Stanyek, New York University
Melvin Butler, University of Chicago
Tamara Roberts, University of California, Berkeley
Martin Daughtry, New York University
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Intimately Political: Bodily Communications of Carnality, Empathy and Affect in Dance Practices and Criticism.
CORD: Freedom Ballroom H
Evandne Kelly. Embodied Affects of Nationalism and Ethnicity in the Dances of Fijian Diasporas in Canada
Emma Doran. Dancing in Your Seat: Reading Empathy in Print Media
Shawn Newman. It’s all in the hips: Sexual and Artistic Minority in Canadian Concert Jazz Dance
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10:45am-12:15pm
Rethinking Music Visualization
CORD: Independence Ballroom D
Paul Scolieri. Ruth St. Denis, Walter Benjamin, and the Mimetic Faculty
Daniel Callahan. Absolutely Unmanly: The Music Visualizations of Ted Shawn and His Men Dancers
Stephanie Jordan. Troubling Visualisations: Mark Morris Marks the Music
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1:45-3:45pm
Sounds of Difference and Recognition: Music, Interculturalism, and Belonging in the European Nation-State
SEM: 7C Independence Ballroom (Section B) Chair: Benjamin Teitelbaum, Brown University
Joshua Tucker, Brown University. New Latinos in the Old World: Music, Multiculturalism, and Ethnogenesis in a Changing Spain
Benjamin Teitelbaum, Brown University. Unity Intoned: Music and the Rhetorical Paradoxes of Swedish Radical Nationalism
Adriana Helbig, University of Pittsburgh. The Influence of Paul Robeson?s Musical Legacy on Soviet and Post-Soviet Racial Ideologies
Timothy Rice, University of California, Los Angeles. Discussant
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SEM: 7I Salon 5/6 Chair: Leslie Gay, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Trevor S Harvey, Florida State University. Live from Second Life: Social Actualization through Musical Participation in Virtual Worlds
Alan Williams, University of Massachusetts, Lowell. All Hands On Deck: Choreographed Intimacy in the Analog Mixing Process
Tim Miller, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Instruments as Technology: Co-constructing the Pedal Steel Guitar
Lauren Flood, Columbia University. Arduino Revolution: Hacking the Way to New Sounds and Moveable Art with Open Source Technology
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SEM: 7J Parlor A Chair: Elizabeth Tolbert, Peabody Conservatory, Johns Hopkins University
Max M Schmeder, Columbia University. At One With One’s Instrument: Transcending the Body-Instrument Divide
Katherine L Meizel, Bowling Green State University. Hearing Voices: Toward a Model for the Study of Vocality
Peter Williams, University of Kansas. Docile Bodies Improvising: Gender and Constraint in Improvised Music and Movement
John R Pippen, University of Western Ontario. Moving New Music: Disrupting the Mind/Body Divide in Western Art Music
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CORD: Independence Ballroom D
Toni Shapiro-Phim. A Sacred Melody and Innovative Choreography in Cambodia
Karen Schaffman. Kinesthetics of Crying and Soundtracks of Tears: Performing Grief in Works by Deborah Hay and Ralph Lemon
Carlos Odria. Improvising Transcendence for Health and Healing: Spontaneous Sounds and Bodies in a Dance Composition Class
Rodrigo Caballero. Sound, healing and the body: acoustemologies of health in the Pacific Northwest
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4:00-5:30
The Body in Flow: Sport as Dance
SEM: 8A Freedom Ballroom (Section E), Live Video-Streaming Room Chair: Jonathan M Dueck, Duke University
Jonathan M Dueck, Duke University. The Big Dance: Sound, Gender, and Flow in Collegiate Basketball
Timothy J Cooley, University of California, Santa Barbara. To Surf is to Dance: Hawaiian Mele and Hula and the History of Surfing
Judy Bauerlein, California State University, San Marcos. A Wave is A Body In Motion
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SEM: 8E Freedom Ballroom (Section F) Chair: Gregory Barz, Vanderbilt University
William Cheng, Harvard University. Acoustemologies of the Closet: Online Gamespaces and Prosthetic Technologies of Queer Expression
Sarah E Hankins, Harvard University. “The Disguise Will Never Work All the Way”: Realness, Queerness and Music in a Gender Performance Community
Mark D Swift, Washington and Jefferson College. Dance Style, Masculine Identity, and the Gay Ethnographer in a Suburban Brazilian Scene
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Sounding Bodies, Moving Voices: Dance Performance in the Pacific Islands
SEM: 8F Freedom Ballroom (Section G) Chair: Adrienne Kaeppler, Smithsonian Institution
Jane Freeman Moulin, University of Hawai’i at Manoa. The Dancer’s Voice
Lisa Burke, Framingham State University. “A Wind that Penetrates the Skin”: Understanding Kiribati Music through Dance
Brian Diettrich, New Zealand School of Music. Stirred Spirits, Adorned Bodies: Sound and Gesture in Chuukese Community Performances
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Issues of Representation and Presentation in Public Culture Media Production
SEM: 8G Logans 2 Chair: Clifford R Murphy, Maryland State Arts Council
Clifford R Murphy, Maryland State Arts Council. Visiting With Neighbors: Fieldwork on Radio in Maryland
Nathan Salsburg, Lomax Archives/Association for Cultural Equity. Folk Revival 2.0: Presenting and Representing Vernacular Music in 2011
Maureen Loughran, Tulane University. Five Years After the Storm: Authority and Public Engagement in Radio Production
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Louise J Wrazen, York University. The Displaced Voice: Assertions of Selfhood and Belonging Amidst Change
9:00 am SEM: 5H Salon 3/4
Sharon F Kivenko, Harvard University. Listening for the Call and Knowing When to Come In: “Performance Sociability” in Mande Dance
9:30 am SEM: 5I Salon 5/6
Farzaneh Hemmasi, Hunter College. At a Distance: Voice, Dance, and Display among Female Iranian Vocalists in Exile
2:15 pm SEM: 7E Freedom Ballroom (Section F)
Chun-bin Chen, Tainan National University of the Arts. Hybridity in Taiwanese Aboriginal Cassette Culture
4:30 pm SEM: 8C Independence Ballroom (Section B)
Samuel Araujo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Amidst Walls, Wired Fences and Armored Cars: The Sound Heritage of Post-Industrial Society
5:00 pm SEM: 8K Parlor C
EVENTS
British Forum for Ethnomusicology High Tea Party
5:30 pm – 6:30 pm Liberty D
The Drexel University Mediterranean Ensemble Presents
A Mostly Balkan Party . . . Philly Style
7:30 pm – 9:30 pm The Stein Auditorium, Drexel University Campus 3215 Market St.
A.J. Racy and The Arabesque Music Ensemble in Concert
Presented by Al-Bustan Seeds of Culture
8:00 pm – 10:00 pm Trinity Center for Urban Life, 22nd and Spruce Streets
Dance Workshop: Sound and Vibrational Signals in Buto Dance
Led by Tanya Calamoneri
8:00 pm – 10:00 pm Independence Ballroom D, free to all registered CORD attendees
Dance Workshop: Singing Dance and Sensing Sound
Led by Amy Larimer
8:00 pm – 10:00 pm Salon 10, free to all registered CORD attendees
SEM Dance Section, CORD and CCDR Reception
10:00 pm – 11:00 pm Salon 5/6 (Free to all registered attendees)
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SATURDAY PANELS
8:30-10:30am
Listening to the Field: Sonic Presentations of Ethnographic Material
SEM: 9A Freedom Ballroom (Section E), Live Video-Streaming Room Chair: Ben Tausig, New York University
Ben Tausig, New York University. Playing Under Protest: Diffusion and Decay
Mack Hagood, Indiana University. Audio Production as SEO Services: Sounds and Stories in the Path of I-69
Senti Toy Threadgill, New York University. Voice in the Box: The Politics of Affect and Acoustemology in Nagaland
Deborah Wong, University of California, Riverside. Discussant
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Engaging Ethnomusicology and the Health Sciences
SEM: 9D Independence Ballroom (Section C) Chair: Frederick J Moehn, New York University
Theresa A Allison, University of California, San Francisco; Jewish Home, San Francisco. Music and Memory, Dementia and Song: Engaging the Health Sciences in Research on Music, Memory and Relationships
Heather B White, University of California, Berkeley. You are the Music, While the Music Lasts: The Neuroscience Behind Social Music Production and Identity
Jeffrey W Cupchik, Eastman School of Music, University of Rochester. Teaching Medical Ethnomusicology: Engaging the Science(s) of Healing
Dane Harwood, independent scholar. Integrating Quantitative Methodology in Ethnomusicological Research: The Challenges to Moving towards Reproducible Results
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Music, Sound, Noise, Silence: Towards A Conceptual Lexicon
SEM: 9H Salon 3/4 Chair: Matt Sakakeeny, Tulane University
Matt Sakakeeny, Tulane University. Music
Thomas Porcello, Vassar College. Sound
David Novak, University of California, Santa Barbara. Noise
Ana María Ochoa, Columbia University. Silence
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Music in Oman: Interculturalism, Time, Space, and Politics in the Sultanate
SEM: 9I Salon 5/6 Chair: Anne K Rasmussen, College of William and Mary
Anne K Rasmussen, College of William and Mary. The Musical Design of National Space and Time in Oman
Nasser Al Taee, Oman Royal Opera House. Mozart in Muscat: Politics, Performance, and Patronage in Oman
Majid Al Harthy, Sultan Qaboos University. African Identities, Afro-Omani Music, and the Official Constructions of a Musical Past
Salwa El-Shawan Castelo-Branco, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal. Discussant
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The Commercial, the Popular, and the Crazed
CORD: Independence Ballroom D
Mary Fogarty. Musical Tastes in Popular Dance Practices
Mary Elizabeth Anderson. Oprah Feelin’: The Commercial Flash Mob’s Affective Game
Jennifer Fisher. When Good Adjectives Go Bad: “Lyrical Dance,” Romanticism, Brain Science, and the Competition Dance Machine
Ok Hee Jeong. The politics of Korean Wave
Asheley Smith. “Crank That”: The Work of Dance Crazes as Collective Memory and in Mechanical Reproduction
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CORD: Freedom Ballroom H
Candace Bordelon. Finding “the Feeling” Through Movement and Music: Oriental Dance, Tarab, and Umm Kulthum
W. Eric Aikens. Using Entropy as a Measure of the Dispersal of Temporal Energy in the Music/Dance Relation
Stephanie Schroedter. Music as Movement – “Kinesthetic listening” in the Creation and Reception of Dance
Wendy Rogers. Dancing in a Sound Space
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The Sonic, the Visual, and the Temporal
CORD: Salon 10
Freya Vass-Rhee. The sounds (and sights) of silence: William Forsythe’s compositions of quiet
Allen Fogelsanger. The Play of Visual and Sonic Actions: Watching Dance and Music
Wen-Chi Wu. Beyond Spontaneity Acquired Through the Lived “Habit-Body” vis-à-vis Performing Techniques
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10:45-12:15
SEM: 10F Freedom Ballroom (Section G) Chair: Daniel Reed, Indiana University
Kate Galloway, University of Toronto. Ecological Auditory Culture: The Relationship Between Ethnographic Soundscape Composition and How We Listen to the Environment
Devin M Burke, Case Western Reserve University. Sign Language Music Videos: Analyzing Embodied Musicking in a Culturally Hybridistic and Technologically Mediated Audio/Visual Artform
Leona N Lanzilotti, Eastman School of Music. Musical Theatre of the Deaf and Hearing: Understanding Musical Embodiment in a Mixed-Cast Production of Guys & Dolls
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SEM: 10H Salon 3/4 Chair: Beth K Aracena, Eastern Mennonite University
Rebecca A Schwartz-Bishir, independent scholar. Music that Moves: Musique dansante and the Sensory Experience of the Dancing Body
Lynda Paul, Yale University. Liveness Reconsidered: Sound and Concealment in Cirque du Soleil
Beth K Aracena, Eastern Mennonite University. Towards a “Natural History” of Corpus Christi Processions in the New World
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INDIVIDUAL PAPERS OF INTEREST
Donna A Buchanan, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. Choreographic Encounters of an Ethnomusicological Kind: Sound, Movement, Spirituality, and Community where the Balkans and Caucasus Converge
9:00 SEM: 9G Logans 2
Rachel Goc, University of Wisconsin, Madison. Global Practices of Motown Visual and Sonic Aesthetic
9:30 SEM: 9F Freedom Ballroom
Michael S O’Brien, Luther College. This is What Democracy Sounds Like: Mediation and Performativity in the Soundscapes of the 2011 Wisconsin Pro-Labor Protests
11:15 SEM: 10J Parlor A
Corinna S Campbell, Harvard University. Sounding the Body, Dancing the Drum: Integrated Analysis of an Afro-Surinamese Performance Genre
11:45 SEM: 10A Freedom Ballroom (Section E), Live Video Streaming Room
Rachel Mundy, Columbia University. O Bird of the Morning: Sound, Silence, and Information at the Species Boundary
11:45 SEM: 10K Parlor C
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EVENTS
SEM Seeger Lecture
Randy Martin: “Complex Harmonic Movements: Politicalities of Music and Dance”
4:00 pm – 5:30 pm Liberty Ballroom B, C and D
PhillyBloco Dance Party
7:30 pm – 10:30 pm Liberty Ballroom B, C, and D
(Ticket Required – $10.00 per attendee in advance or $15.00 per attendee at the door)
SUNDAY, November 20, 2011
SUNDAY PANELS
8:30-10:30am
Musical Advocacy: Mediation, Creativity, and Social Engagement
SEM: 12A Freedom Ballroom (Section E), Live Video-Streaming Room Chair: Carol Muller, University of Pennsylvania
Marié Abe, Harvard University. Reimagining Oaxacan Heritage through Accordions and Airwaves in Central Valley, California
Michael Birenbaum-Quintero, Bowdoin College. Process, Network, and Knowledge: Theory and Praxis of a Grassroots Music Archive in the Afro-Colombian Hinterlands
Shalini R Ayyagari, American University. “Postcards from Paradise Weren’t Meant for Me”: Community Affiliation and Advocacy Work through South Asian American Hip Hop
Kay Shelemay, Harvard University. Discussant
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Material Culture and Musical Labor
SEM: 12C Independence Ballroom (Section B) Chair: Allen Roda, New York University
Allen Roda, New York University. Resounding Objects: Scripting Sounds and Making Music in Banaras Tabla Workshops
Darien Lamen, University of Pennsylvania. Crafting Sound: Sound Systems, Skilled Labor, and Artisanship in Belém do Pará, Brazil
John Paul Meyers, University of Pennsylvania. Stickers, Strings, and Sgt. Pepper Jackets: Resources for Re-Creating the Past in the Tribute Band Scene
Paul Greene, Pennsylvania State University. Discussant
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Screening and Round Table—From Fieldwork to “Film-work”: Representing Realities Through Ethnomusicological Film
SEM: 12F Freedom Ballroom (Section G) Chair: Elizabeth Clendinning, Florida State University
Discussants
Tim Storhoff, Florida State Univeristy
Todd Rosendahl, Florida State Univeristy
Sara Brown, Florida State Univeristy
Kayleen Justus, Florida State Univerisity
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SEM: 12H Salon 3/4 Chair: Ken Prouty, Michigan State University
Brett S Pyper, Klein Karoo National Arts Festival, South Africa. Listening Made Visible: Dance as Kinetic Listening Within South African Jazz Appreciation Societies
Yoko Suzuki, University of Pittsburgh. She’s a Japanese Jerry Lee Lewis!: Body, Mind, and Spectacle in Hiromi’s Jazz Piano Performance
Michael C Heller, Harvard University. Modeling Community in the Loft Jazz Era
Colter J Harper, University of Pittsburgh. Jazz, Race, and the Visual Narrative: Constructing Identity through the Photography of Charles “Teenie” Harris
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Modes of Analysis, Modes of Listening
SEM: 12G Logans 2 Chair: Matt J Rahaim, University of Minnesota
Shayna Silverstein, University of Chicago. Microrhythms and Metric Variation in Groove-Based Dance Music of the Arab East
Cornelia Fales, Indiana University. Provoking Modal Listening In Music
Mark Hijleh, Houghton College. World Music Theory: Issues and Possibilities
Michael Tenzer, University of British Columbia, and Matt J Rahaim, University of Minnesota. Discussants
Round Table: Ethnicity, Culture and Body
CORD: Freedom Ballroom H
Dr. Suzana Martins, Dr. Daniela Amoroso, MA. Nadir Nóbrega, Sandra Santana
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INDIVIDUAL PAPERS OF INTEREST
Marc Gidal, Ramapo College of New Jersey. Audible Boundary-Work: “Crossing” and “Purifying” Afro-Gaucho Religions through Sound and Music
8:30 am SEM: 12I Salon 5/6
Michael B MacDonald. Decentralized Dance Party Manifesto: Boomboxes, Anarchy, and the Commons
10:00 am CORD: Independence Ballroom D
Emily J McManus, University of Minnesota. Listening to a Body and a Sound: Female Leading and Same-Sex Tango in the United States
11:15 am SEM: 13B Independence Ballroom (Section A)
Michael O’Toole, University of Chicago. How the City Sounds: Festivals and Urban Space in Contemporary Berlin
11:45 am SEM: 13I Salon 5/6
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In Defense of Auto-Tune
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59350/r613a-h0071
I am here today to defend auto-tune. I may be late to the party, but if you watched Lil Wayne’s recent schizophrenic performance on MTV’s VMAs you know that auto-tune isn’t going anywhere. The thoughtful and melodic opening song “How to Love” clashed harshly with the expletive-laden guitar-rocking “John” Weezy followed with. Regardless of how you judge that disjunction, what strikes me about the performance is that auto-tune made Weezy’s range possible. The studio magic transposed onto the live moment dared auto-tune’s many haters to revise their criticisms about the relationship between the live and the recorded. It suggested that this technology actually opens up possibilities, rather than marking a limitation.
Auto-tune is mostly synonymous with the intentionally mechanized vocal distortion effect of singers like T-Pain, but it has actually been used for clandestine pitch correction in the studio for over 15 years. Cher’s voice on 1998’s “Believe” is probably the earliest well-known use of the device to distort rather than correct, though at the time her producers claimed to have used a vocoder pedal, probably in an attempt to hide what was then a trade secret—the Antares Auto-Tune machine is widely used to correct imperfections in studio singing. The corrective function of auto-tune is more difficult to note than the obvious distortive effect because when used as intended, auto-tuning is an inaudible process. It blends flubbed or off-key notes to the nearest true semi-tone to create the effect of perfect singing every time. The more off-key a singer is, the harder it is to hide the use of the technology. Furthermore, to make melody out of talking or rapping the sound has to be pushed to the point of sounding robotic.
The dismissal of auto-tuned acts is usually made in terms of a comparison between the modified recording and what is possible in live performance, like indie folk singer Neko Case’s extended tongue-lashing in Stereogum. Auto-tune makes it so that anyone can sing whether they have talent or not, or so the criticism goes, putting determination of talent before evaluation of the outcome. This simple critique conveniently ignores how recording technology has long shaped our expectations in popular music and for live performance. Do we consider how many takes were required for Patti LaBelle to record “Lady Marmalade” when we listen? Do we speculate on whether spliced tape made up for the effects of a fatiguing day of recording? Chances are that even your favorite and most gifted singer has benefited from some form of technology in recording their work. When someone argues that auto-tune allows anyone to sing, what they are really complaining about is that an illusion of authenticity has been dispelled. My question in response is: So what? Why would it so bad if anyone could be a singer through Auto-tuning technology? What is really so threatening about its use?
As Walter Benjamin writes in “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction,” the threat to art presented by mechanical reproduction emerges from the inability for its authenticity to be reproduced—but authenticity is a shibboleth. He explains that what is really threatened is the authority of the original; but how do we determine what is original in a field where the influences of live performance and record artifact are so interwoven? Auto-tune represents just another step forward in undoing the illusion of art’s aura. It is not the quality of art that is endangered by mass access to its creation, but rather the authority of cultural arbiters and the ideological ends they serve.
Auto-tune supposedly obfuscates one of the indicators of authenticity, imperfections in the work of art. However, recording technology already made error less notable as a sign of authenticity to the point where the near perfection of recorded music becomes the sign of authentic talent and the standard to which live performance is compared. We expect the artist to perform the song as we have heard it in countless replays of the single, ignoring that the corrective technologies of recording shaped the contours of our understanding of the song.
In this way, we can think of the audible auto-tune effect is actually re-establishing authenticity by making itself transparent. An auto-tuned song establishes its authority by casting into doubt the ability of any art to be truly authoritative and owning up to that lack. Listen to the auto-tuned hit “Blame It” by Jaime Foxx, featuring T-Pain, and note how their voices are made nearly indistinguishable by the auto-tune effect.
It might be the case that anyone is singing that song, but that doesn’t make it less bumping and less catchy—in fact, I’d argue the slippage makes it catchier. The auto-tuned voice is the sound of a democratic voice. There isn’t much precedent for actors becoming successful singers, but “Blame It” provides evidence of the transcendent power of auto-tune allowing anyone to participate in art and culture making. As Benjamin reminds us, “The fact that the new mode of participation first appeared in a disreputable form must not confuse the spectator.” The fact that “anyone” can do it increases possibilities and casts all-encompassing dismissal of auto-tune as reactionary and elitist.
Mechanical reproduction may “pry an object from its shell” and destroy its aura and authority–demonstrating the democratic possibilities in art as it is repurposed–but I contend that auto-tune goes one step further. It pries singing free from the tyranny of talent and its proscriptive aesthetics. It undermines the authority of the arbiters of talent and lets anyone potentially take part in public musical vocal expression. Even someone like Antoine Dodson, whose rant on the local news, ended up a catchy internet hit thanks to the Songify project.
Auto-tune represents a democratic impulse in music. It is another step in the increasing access to cultural production, going beyond special classes of people in social or economic position to determine what is worthy. Sure, not everyone can afford the Antares Auto-Tune machine, but recent history has demonstrated that such technologies become increasingly affordable and more widely available. Rather than cold and soulless, the mechanized voice can give direct access to the pathos of melody when used by those whose natural talent is not for singing. Listen to Kanye West’s 808s & Heartbreak, or (again) Lil Wayne’s “How To Love.” These artists aren’t trying to get one over on their listeners, but just the opposite, they want to evoke an earnestness that they feel can only be expressed through the singing voice. Why would you want to resist a world where anyone could sing their hearts out?
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Osvaldo Oyola is a regular contributor to Sounding Out! He is also an English PhD student at Binghamton University.
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